Within the renal sacs, there are two recognized and specific cells that are responsible for the regulation of ions.
2.
The renal appendages move nitrogenous and other waste products from the blood to the renal sacs, but do not add volume.
3.
The renal sacs actively adjust the ionic concentrations of the urine, and actively add nitrogenous compounds and other metabolic waste products to the urine.
4.
Once filtration and reabsorption are complete, the urine is emptied into " Octopus vulgaris " mantle cavity via a pair of renal papillae, one from each renal sac.
5.
The renal fluid has a higher concentration of ammonia than the urine or the blood thus the renal sacs are kept acidic in order to help draw the ammonia from the renal appendages.
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